FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO LOW USAGE OF MODERN FAMILY PLANNING METHODS AMONG WOMEN IN REPRODUCTIVE AGE IN OKERE DISTRICT, EASTERN REGION, GHANA.

TABLE OF CONTENTDECLARATION....................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073553 \h 2DEDICATION........................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073554 \h 3ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073555 \h 4TABLE OF CONTENT............................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073556 \h 5LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073557 \h 8LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073558 \h 9LIST OT ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073559 \h 10ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc96073560 \h 11CHAPTER ONE...................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073561 \h 12INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. ….. PAGEREF … See more

TABLE OF CONTENTDECLARATION....................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073553 \h 2DEDICATION........................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073554 \h 3ACKNOWLEDGEMENT......................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073555 \h 4TABLE OF CONTENT............................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073556 \h 5LIST OF TABLES..................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073557 \h 8LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073558 \h 9LIST OT ABBREVIATIONS................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073559 \h 10ABSTRACT............................................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc96073560 \h 11CHAPTER ONE...................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073561 \h 12INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................. ….. PAGEREF _Toc96073562 \h 121.1 Background of the Study..................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073563 \h 12 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500360033000000 1.2 Problem Statement.............................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073564 \h 14 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500360034000000 1.3 Justification.......................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073565 \h 16 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500360035000000 1.4. Objectives of the Study...................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073566 \h 17 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500360036000000 1.5 Specific Objectives.............................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073567 \h 17 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500360037000000 1.6 Research Questions............................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073568 \h 17 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500360038000000 1.7. Conceptual Framework...................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073569 \h 18 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500360039000000 CHAPTER TWO................................................................................................................ …. PAGEREF _Toc96073570 \h 20LITERATURE REVIEW........................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc96073571 \h 202.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073572 \h 20 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500370032000000 2.2 Maternal Health Care.......................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073573 \h 20 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500370033000000 2.3 The Concept of Family Planning......................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073574 \h 22 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500370034000000 2.3.1 Modern Methods of Family Planning (Contraceptives)............................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073575 \h 23 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500370035000000 2.4 Knowledge and awareness among pregnant women on family planning........................... PAGEREF _Toc96073576 \h 28 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500370036000000 2.5 Prevalence of Contraceptive use among women in reproductive age................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073577 \h 31 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500370037000000 2.6 Factors Associated with Modern Methods of Family Planning Utilization........................ PAGEREF _Toc96073578 \h 35 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500370038000000 2.6.1 Global Perspective of factors that influence utilization of modern contraceptives...... PAGEREF _Toc96073579 \h 35 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500370039000000 2.6.2 Sub-Saharan African Perspective of factors that influence utilization of modern contraceptives................................................................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073580 \h 38 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500380030000000 2.6.3 Ghana Perspective of factors that influence utilization of modern contraceptives....... PAGEREF _Toc96073581 \h 40 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500380031000000 2.7 Summary of the chapter....................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073582 \h 42 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500380032000000 CHAPTER THREE................................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073583 \h 43METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073584 \h 433.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073585 \h 43 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500380035000000 3.2 Study Site............................................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073586 \h 43 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500380036000000 ................................................................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073587 \h 443.3 Study Design Data Source................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073588 \h 45 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500380038000000 3.4 Data Source......................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073589 \h 45 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500380039000000 3.5 Study Population................................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073590 \h 45 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500390030000000 3.6 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria......................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073591 \h 45 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500390031000000 3.7 Samplings procedure........................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073592 \h 45 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500390032000000 3.8 Sample size calculation....................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073593 \h 46 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500390033000000 3.9 Variables.............................................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073594 \h 46 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500390034000000 3.10 Piloting of Tools................................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc96073595 \h 49 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500390035000000 3.11 Data collection and Analysis............................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073596 \h 49 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500390036000000 3.12 Ethical Consideration........................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc96073597 \h 49 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003500390037000000 CHAPTER FOUR................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073598 \h 50RESULTS................................................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc96073599 \h 504.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073600 \h 50 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600300030000000 4.2 Socio-demographic characteristics...................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073601 \h 51 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600300031000000 4.3 Awareness, knowledge and utilization of Modern Family Planning.................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073602 \h 52 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600300032000000 4.4 Other community and health service characteristics........................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073603 \h 54 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600300033000000 4.5 Bivariate analysis of association between socio-demographic characteristics and utilization of modern family planning method............................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073604 \h 56 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600300034000000 4.6 Bivariate analysis of knowledge, awareness and other factors associated with utilization of modern family planning method............................................................................................................. PAGEREF _Toc96073605 \h 58 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600300035000000 4.7 Multivariate Analysis of Factors that influence the utilization of modern FP methods..... PAGEREF _Toc96073606 \h 61 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600300036000000 CHAPTER FIVE..................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073607 \h 63DISCUSSIONS........................................................................................................ …. PAGEREF _Toc96073608 \h 635.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073609 \h 63 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600300039000000 5.2 Awareness and knowledge on modern family planning methods....................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073610 \h 63 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600310030000000 5.3 Utilization rate of modern family planning methods.......................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073611 \h 65 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600310031000000 5.4 Factors influencing the utilization of modern family planning method.............................. PAGEREF _Toc96073612 \h 67 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600310032000000 CHAPTER SIX........................................................................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc96073613 \h 72CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION........................................................................ PAGEREF _Toc96073614 \h 72 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600310034000000 6.1 Major findings and Conclusion........................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073615 \h 72 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600310035000000 6.2 Recommendations............................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073616 \h 72 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600310036000000 REFERENCES...................................................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073617 \h 74APPENDIX I: PARTICIPANT INFORMATION SHEET...................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073618 \h 81 08D0C9EA79F9BACE118C8200AA004BA90B02000000080000000D0000005F0054006F006300390036003000370033003600310038000000 APPENDIX II: CONSENT FORM......................................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073619 \h 84APPENDIX III: DATA COLLECTION TOOL...................................................................... PAGEREF _Toc96073620 \h 86 ABSTRACTBACKGROUNDThe utilization of modern family planning (FP) methods continues to remain a challenge. This low use in addition to the low access among sexually active women has negative consequences on their overall general health. Though there have been series of discussions on how to increase FP use globally, there are some challenges with utilization in developing countries including Ghana with modern contraceptive prevalence rate of 22% among women. In Okere District, however, the utilization rate has consistently remained lower than the national utilization rate with 17% in 2017. Method: The study adopted a cross-sectional design and employed quantitative methods of research. A multistage sampling technique was adopted to select women from different communities. Data collection was done using a structured questionnaire. Analysis of data was done using STATA version 15.0. Results of the analysis were reported in frequencies and percentages. Multiple regression analysis was conducted, and results presented in odds ratio and p-values. Statistical significance was obtained at a p-value of less than 5% with 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 301 women participated in the study. The mean age observed was 27.6 + 7.2. The observed awareness rate for the study was 95.6% while knowledge results was 86.5%. However, the utilization rate was 40.5%. Significant factors of modern FP utilisation include education and occupation of mother, parity, fear of side effects and previous use of modern FP methods. Conclusion: The use of modern FP depends on how health workers proactively respond to issues of this nature.

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