Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin, leading to the formation of hard and sticky C-shaped red cells. This genetic disorder predominantly affects individuals in regions historically endemic to malaria, including sub-Saharan Africa. In Ghana, approximately …
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Background: Sickle cell disease (SCD) is a group of inherited red blood cell disorders characterized by the presence of abnormal hemoglobin, leading to the formation of hard and sticky C-shaped red cells. This genetic disorder predominantly affects individuals in regions historically endemic to malaria, including sub-Saharan Africa. In Ghana, approximately 15,000 newborns are diagnosed with SCD annually. Despite existing treatment guidelines, adherence remains a challenge, particularly in resource-limited settings such as the Upper East Region of Ghana. This study aims to assess the factors influencing adherence to standard treatment guidelines for SCD patients in the Upper East Region of Ghana.The researcher employed a descriptive cross-sectional study design; data for this research was collected from health care providers using a close-ended questionnaire randomly selected hospitals, health centers and CHPS centers; out of the 400 administered, 338 respondents returned complete responses. Statistical analysis was conducted using Graph Pad Prism version 5 and Statistical package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21 and Microsoft Excel for graphs. The quantitative data collected was checked and screened for completeness and accuracy on a daily basis. Data was coded, doubly entered, and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Science software for Windows, version 26. The mean age of respondents (HCP) was 39.55, most were in the age brackets of 31-40. Employed patients and those with higher income levels showed significantly higher adherence rates (p < 0.05). Patients experiencing frequent SCD attacks had higher adherence to treatment guidelines (p < 0.05). Possession of an active National Health Insurance Scheme (NHIS) card was significantly associated with better adherence (p < 0.01). Consistent access to trained healthcare providers significantly improved adherence, and regular availability of essential medications was associated with higher adherence rates (p < 0.01). Additionally, community support and sociocultural beliefs impacted adherence levels, with patients receiving strong community support exhibiting better adherence to treatment protocols. Conclusion: Adherence to SCD treatment guidelines in the Upper East Region of Ghana is influenced by multiple factors. Improving socioeconomic conditions, enhancing health system support, and addressing community and sociocultural barriers are critical for improving adherence. These findings underscore the need for targeted interventions and policies to ensure comprehensive care and better health outcomes for SCD patients in Ghana.
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